The MJHS policy of Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern are:

1. Corrections

• Definition: Corrections address errors in published articles that do not undermine the study\'s overall results or conclusions (e.g., typographical errors, formatting issues, or minor mistakes in data representation).
• Process:
• Errors can be identified by the authors, editors, or readers.
• A correction notice is published in the journal, linked to the nominated article, and clearly describes the issue and the correction.

2. Retractions

• Definition: Retractions are issued when serious errors or ethical breaches are discovered, such as data fabrication, plagiarism, or research misconduct, which invalidate the findings or conclusions.
• Process:
• Investigations are conducted by the journal\'s editors, sometimes in collaboration with the authors\' institution.
• A retraction notice is published, explaining why the article is being retracted.
• The original article may remain accessible with a note indicating it has been retracted.

3. Expressions of Concern

• Definition: Expressions of concern are issued when there are unresolved issues regarding the integrity of an article, such as ongoing investigations or incomplete evidence of misconduct.
• Process:
• Editors publish a notice highlighting the concern and explaining the situation.
• The notice remains linked to the nominated article until a decision (correction, retraction, or no action) is made.