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Original Article 


Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025

Elaf Mohammed Ali Mohammed, Nasrin Abu Yousif Hamid, Abeer Osman Hussein Mohamed, Ammar Mohammed Ali Fadol, Firass Faisal Magzoub Abdelrhman, Asmaa Ahmed Dawood.


Abstract
Background and Aims:
The ongoing conflict between the Rapid Support Forces and Sudanese Armed Forces since April 2023 has triggered a severe humanitarian crisis, displaced over 8.4 million people and rendered 70% of hospitals in conflict zones non-functional.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 412 family members or acquaintances of individuals who experienced sudden death during the war. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, covering demographic characteristics, causes of death, psychological factors, healthcare access, and family impact. Statistical analyses involved descriptive and inferential methods to examine associations between mortality determinants, healthcare accessibility, and psychological distress.

Results:
The highest mortality rates were observed among males (60.9%) and older adults (45.6% aged ≥56 years). Cardiovascular events, including heart attacks (35.2%) and strokes (5.3%), were the leading medical causes of death, while psychological trauma was reported in 78.9% of cases. Healthcare access was severely restricted, with 37.4% of individuals receiving no medical care, and 47.8% experiencing delays in emergency services. Soldiers and employees faced higher physical and psychological trauma, whereas teachers and freelancers encountered the most significant healthcare barriers. Families of the deceased reported severe emotional distress (71.6%) and financial instability (16.3%).

Conclusion:
War exacerbates sudden mortality through trauma, chronic disease aggravation, and healthcare collapse. Urgent interventions, including mental health support, improved emergency care, and mobile healthcare units, are essential to mitigating these crises. Further research is needed to address conflict-related health disparities and develop targeted health interventions.

Key words: Armed conflict, sudden death, healthcare access, psychological trauma


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mohammed EMA, Hamid NAY, Mohamed AOH, Fadol AMA, Abdelrhman FFM, Dawood AA. Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2026; 14(1): 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016

Web Style

Mohammed EMA, Hamid NAY, Mohamed AOH, Fadol AMA, Abdelrhman FFM, Dawood AA. Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. https://www.mjhs-mu.org/?mno=247474 [Access: January 17, 2026]. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mohammed EMA, Hamid NAY, Mohamed AOH, Fadol AMA, Abdelrhman FFM, Dawood AA. Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2026; 14(1): 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mohammed EMA, Hamid NAY, Mohamed AOH, Fadol AMA, Abdelrhman FFM, Dawood AA. Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. Majmaah J Heal Sci. (2026), [cited January 17, 2026]; 14(1): 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016


Harvard Style

Mohammed, E. M. A., Hamid, . N. A. Y., Mohamed, . A. O. H., Fadol, . A. M. A., Abdelrhman, . F. F. M. & Dawood, . A. A. (2026) Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. Majmaah J Heal Sci, 14 (1), 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016


Turabian Style

Mohammed, Elaf Mohammed Ali, Nasrin Abu Yousif Hamid, Abeer Osman Hussein Mohamed, Ammar Mohammed Ali Fadol, Firass Faisal Magzoub Abdelrhman, and Asmaa Ahmed Dawood. 2026. Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 14 (1), 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016


Chicago Style

Mohammed, Elaf Mohammed Ali, Nasrin Abu Yousif Hamid, Abeer Osman Hussein Mohamed, Ammar Mohammed Ali Fadol, Firass Faisal Magzoub Abdelrhman, and Asmaa Ahmed Dawood. "Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 14 (2026), 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mohammed, Elaf Mohammed Ali, Nasrin Abu Yousif Hamid, Abeer Osman Hussein Mohamed, Ammar Mohammed Ali Fadol, Firass Faisal Magzoub Abdelrhman, and Asmaa Ahmed Dawood. "Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 14.1 (2026), 221-232. Print. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mohammed, E. M. A., Hamid, . N. A. Y., Mohamed, . A. O. H., Fadol, . A. M. A., Abdelrhman, . F. F. M. & Dawood, . A. A. (2026) Relationship between Armed Conflict and Sudden Death: An Analysis of Causes and Consequences, Sudan 2025. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 14 (1), 221-232. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.016




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