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Original Article 


Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA

Faisal Holil Alanazi, Abdullah Fahad Abahussain, Waleed Abdulaziz Alkulaibi, Reema Hamad M Al¬muneef, Omar Abdulaziz Aljasser, Raghad Abdulaziz Alhojailan, Raghad Husain Alkhalifah.


Abstract
Background and Aims:
Over-the-counter medications are drugs that can be taken without prescription by a licenced practitioner; thus, their use is a global challenge that impacts patient care. Codeine-containing products are one of the over-the-counter medications that are available in Saudi Arabia without physician prescriptions, and little information is available about their abuse and dependence on these products. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the degree of misuse of codeine-containing products among the Al Majmaah population.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study employs a snowball convenience sampling technique, which is crucial because it allows researchers to access a difficult-to-reach and often hidden population: individuals misusing Codeine. The research was conducted over eleven months and utilized an online questionnaire to gather data about adult residents of Al Majmaah city’s Codeine misuse. The data were collected via Google Forms and analysed via SPSS software

Results:
This study involved 392 participants. A significant proportion (43.9%) admitted to using codeine medications, primarily because of easy accessibility (83.1%) from pharmacies without a prescription. Commonly cited symptoms prompting codeine medication usage included headaches (74.4%) and the common cold (61.0%), with the majority (89.5%) reporting no side effects. Pharmacies were the primary source of codeine medications (91.9%). In terms of knowledge, the majority (88.5%) acknowledged the potential harm associated with misuse, with addiction (60.2%) being the most recognized side effect. Despite this awareness, a significant proportion (45.4%) focused on usage instructions rather than side effects when reading package information.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of participants resort to codeine medications, primarily because of their easy accessibility from pharmacies without a prescription. By addressing the gaps in knowledge and behaviour, public health efforts can strive towards safer and more informed medication practices within the community.

Key words: Opioid Misuse, drug abuse, public health intervention, self-medication, substance dependence


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alanazi FH, Abahussain AF, Alkulaibi WA, Al¬muneef RHM, Aljasser OA, Alhojailan RA, Alkhalifah RH. Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2026; 14(1): 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004

Web Style

Alanazi FH, Abahussain AF, Alkulaibi WA, Al¬muneef RHM, Aljasser OA, Alhojailan RA, Alkhalifah RH. Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. https://www.mjhs-mu.org/?mno=216464 [Access: January 22, 2026]. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alanazi FH, Abahussain AF, Alkulaibi WA, Al¬muneef RHM, Aljasser OA, Alhojailan RA, Alkhalifah RH. Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2026; 14(1): 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alanazi FH, Abahussain AF, Alkulaibi WA, Al¬muneef RHM, Aljasser OA, Alhojailan RA, Alkhalifah RH. Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. Majmaah J Heal Sci. (2026), [cited January 22, 2026]; 14(1): 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004


Harvard Style

Alanazi, F. H., Abahussain, . A. F., Alkulaibi, . W. A., Al¬muneef, . R. H. M., Aljasser, . O. A., Alhojailan, . R. A. & Alkhalifah, . R. H. (2026) Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. Majmaah J Heal Sci, 14 (1), 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004


Turabian Style

Alanazi, Faisal Holil, Abdullah Fahad Abahussain, Waleed Abdulaziz Alkulaibi, Reema Hamad M Al¬muneef, Omar Abdulaziz Aljasser, Raghad Abdulaziz Alhojailan, and Raghad Husain Alkhalifah. 2026. Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 14 (1), 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004


Chicago Style

Alanazi, Faisal Holil, Abdullah Fahad Abahussain, Waleed Abdulaziz Alkulaibi, Reema Hamad M Al¬muneef, Omar Abdulaziz Aljasser, Raghad Abdulaziz Alhojailan, and Raghad Husain Alkhalifah. "Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 14 (2026), 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alanazi, Faisal Holil, Abdullah Fahad Abahussain, Waleed Abdulaziz Alkulaibi, Reema Hamad M Al¬muneef, Omar Abdulaziz Aljasser, Raghad Abdulaziz Alhojailan, and Raghad Husain Alkhalifah. "Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 14.1 (2026), 35-49. Print. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alanazi, F. H., Abahussain, . A. F., Alkulaibi, . W. A., Al¬muneef, . R. H. M., Aljasser, . O. A., Alhojailan, . R. A. & Alkhalifah, . R. H. (2026) Extent of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among the Majmaah Population, KSA. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 14 (1), 35-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2026.01.004




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